In the context of water distribution systems, a surge tank is primarily used to...

A surge tank is primarily utilized to dampen pressure fluctuations within a water distribution system. When sudden changes in flow occur, such as the immediate opening or closing of valves or a rapid change in demand, pressure surges can occur. These surges can cause stress on the pipes, potentially leading to breaks or leaks.

The surge tank acts as a buffer to absorb these fluctuations, allowing for smoother transitions in pressure. This helps maintain the integrity of the distribution system and ensures the safety and reliability of water supply. By accommodating the rapid changes in pressure and volume, the surge tank limits the risk of damage and enhances the operational efficiency of the system.

In contrast, storing excess water, filtering contaminants, or heating water for treatment does not align with the primary function of a surge tank. While these aspects are important in water management and treatment processes, they do not capture the specific role of surge tanks in managing pressure dynamics within distribution systems.