What is the primary function of coagulants in water treatment?

Coagulants play a crucial role in the water treatment process by promoting the aggregation of particles suspended in the water. This aggregation helps to clump together smaller particles that are difficult to remove, making it easier for them to be removed from the water through subsequent processes such as sedimentation or filtration. Typically, coagulants are substances like alum or ferric chloride that, when added to water, neutralize the charge on these particles, allowing them to come together and form larger flocs.

The effectiveness of coagulants is essential for improving water clarity and quality, as they help in the removal of not only suspended solids but also colloidal materials and some contaminants. By facilitating this aggregation, coagulants significantly enhance the overall efficiency of the water treatment system, ensuring that treated water meets health and environmental standards.