Why are water samples analyzed for the coliform group of bacteria?

Water samples are analyzed for the coliform group of bacteria because the presence of coliforms, particularly fecal coliforms, serves as an indicator of potential contamination by disease-causing organisms. Coliform bacteria are not typically harmful themselves but are commonly found in the intestines of warm-blooded animals and their presence in water suggests that human or animal waste may be present. This means that pathogens, which can cause diseases, might also be present in the water.

Testing for coliforms is a reliable method to assess water quality and safety for human consumption or recreational use. If coliform bacteria are detected, further testing can be done to identify specific pathogens, ensuring that public health measures can be taken to address any contamination issues. This makes coliform testing a critical component of water quality monitoring programs.